Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is uncontrollably spread
all over the world. The host immune responses strongly try to confront it with all the potential …

In chronic infections and in cancer, persistent antigen stimulation under suboptimal
conditions can lead to the induction of T-cell exhaustion. Exhausted T cells are …

Resident memory T cells (TRM) positioned within the respiratory tract are probably required
to limit SARS-CoV-2 spread and COVID-19. Importantly, TRM are mostly non-recirculating …

T-cell exhaustion is a phenomenon of dysfunction or physical elimination of antigen-specific
T cells reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and …

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is an unexplained
incapacitating illness that may affect up to 4 million people in the United States alone. There …

T lymphocytes play a primary role in the adaptive antiviral immunity. Both lymphocytosis and
lymphopenia were found to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes. At its core, DN is a
metabolic disorder which can also manifest itself in terms of local inflammation in the …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal disease with rising incidence in the world. For
advanced HCC, sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, is the only systemic therapy with proven …

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carries a dismal prognosis and the current
treatment is limited to sorafenib, an agent with modest benefit. Preclinical data have …

Immune memory is usually studied in the context of reinfection after clearance of an acutely
infectious agent. At some point after the primary infection, the immune system returns to …