Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are highly versatile signalling molecules that control various
important biological processes in bacteria. The best-studied example is cyclic di-GMP (c-di …

Twenty-five years have passed since the discovery of cyclic dimeric (3′→ 5′) GMP (cyclic
di-GMP or c-di-GMP). From the relative obscurity of an allosteric activator of a bacterial …

Biofilm formation and biofilm-induced biodeterioration of surfaces have deeply affected the
life of our community. Cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a small …

On the stage of bacterial signal transduction and regulation, bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric
guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) has long played the part of Slee** Beauty. c-di …

Abstract The Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis can initiate the process of sporulation
under conditions of nutrient limitation. Here, we review some of the last 5 years of work in …

Nucleotide signalling molecules contribute to the regulation of cellular pathways in all forms
of life. In recent years, the discovery of new signalling molecules in bacteria and archaea, as …

For an organism to survive, it must be able to sense its environment and regulate
physiological processes accordingly. Understanding how bacteria integrate signals from …

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) synthetases and hydrolases (GGDEF, EAL, and HD-GYP
domains) can be readily identified in bacterial genome sequences by using standard …

Abstract Bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger that
regulates cell surface-associated traits in bacteria. Components of this regulatory network …

The cyclic dinucleotide c-di-GMP is a signaling molecule with diverse functions in cellular
physiology. Here, we report that c-di-GMP can assemble into a tetramer that mediates the …