We review the characteristics of sea level variability at the coast focussing on how it differs
from the variability in the nearby deep ocean. Sea level variability occurs on all timescales …

Extreme sea levels, caused by storm surges and high tides, can have devastating societal
impacts. To effectively protect our coasts, global information on coastal flooding is needed …

Compound events (CEs) are multivariate extreme events in which the individual contributing
variables may not be extreme themselves, but their joint–dependent–occurrence causes an …

Freshwater discharge to the coastal ocean is a fundamental component of the global water
cycle. It can impact coastal sea level over a broad range of spatial and temporal scales …

A quasi‐global sea level data set from tide gauges has been used to investigate extreme
sea level events and their spatial and temporal variabilities. Modern methods based on a …

Sea level variability increasingly contributes to coastal flooding and erosion as global sea
levels rise, partly due to the thermal expansion of seawater, which accelerates with …

This paper presents estimates of rates of mean sea level (MSL) change around the UK,
based on a larger tide gauge data set and more accurate analysis methods than have been …

Abstract Changes in the sea-level annual cycle (SLAC) can have profound impacts on
coastal areas, including increased flooding risk and ecosystem alteration, yet little is known …

Ocean tide models representing all major diurnal and semidiurnal tidal constituents with a
spatial resolution of 0.75°× 0.75° have been estimated using the first 1.5 years of ERS 1 and …

Three years of TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data are analyzed with respect to large‐scale
fluctuations in sea surface height observations and underlying physical processes. In …