Co‐infections commonly arise when two or multiple different pathogens infect the same host,
either as simultaneous or as secondary concurrent infection. This potentiates their …

Various emerging and re‐emerging diseases, such as streptococcosis, tilapia lake virus
disease and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus disease, have had a significant …

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a highly contagious pathogen that has detrimental effects on
tilapia farming. This virus was discovered in 2014 and has received tremendous global …

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most farmed fish globally, with a significant
contribution improving local livelihoods, especially in develo** countries. Nile tilapia was …

Sustainable aquaculture development in sub-Saharan Africa | Nature Food Skip to main
content Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited …

Highlights•There is a continuous emergence of viral diseases in aquaculture.•Emergence of
viral diseases in aquaculture may be driven by virus, animal host, environmental and/or …

Immersion vaccines are used for a variety of aquacultured fish to protect against infectious
diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. During immersion vaccination the antigens are …

Abstract Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) disease is an emerging and transboundary disease of
tilapia cultures, causing mortality up to 90% globally. TiLV is a negative sense single …

As the earliest known vertebrate possessing a complete immune system, teleost fish played
an important role in the evolution of this system. The complement system is an ancient …

The introduction and use of non‐native species in aquaculture have played a central role in
the development of this economic sector worldwide. Tilapia is one of the most widely …