Clinical and laboratory studies over recent decades have established branched evolution as
a feature of cancer. However, while grounded in somatic selection, several lines of evidence …

Intratumor heterogeneity, which fosters tumor evolution, is a key challenge in cancer
medicine. Here, we review data and technologies that have revealed intra-tumor …

Individualizing patient treatment is a core objective of the medical field. Reaching this
objective has been elusive owing to the complex set of factors contributing to both disease …

Abiraterone treats metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer by inhibiting CYP17A, an
enzyme for testosterone auto-production. With standard dosing, evolution of resistance with …

In recent years, the high heterogeneity of colorectal cancer (CRC) has become evident.
Hence, biomarkers need to be developed that enable the stratification of patients with CRC …

Many effective drugs for metastatic and/or advanced-stage cancers have been developed
over the past decade, although the evolution of resistance remains the major barrier to …

Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common gynaecologic malignancy seen in women.
Majority of the patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed at the advanced stage making …

The clonal evolution model of cancer was developed in the 1950s–1970s and became
central to cancer biology in the twenty-first century, largely through studies of cancer …

Mathematical modelling approaches have become increasingly abundant in cancer
research. The complexity of cancer is well suited to quantitative approaches as it provides …

Precision medicine requires an understanding of cancer genes and mutational processes,
as well as an appreciation of the extent to which these are found heterogeneously in cancer …