Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are part of the innate immune response and were
originally discovered for their role in recognizing pathogens by ligating specific pathogen …

P2X receptors are membrane ion channels that open in response to the binding of
extracellular ATP. Seven genes in vertebrates encode P2X receptor subunits, which are 40 …

The noncanonical inflammasome induced by intracellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to
caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis, which is critical for induction of endotoxic shock in mice …

P2X7 is a transmembrane receptor expressed in multiple cell types including neurons,
dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, B and T cells where it can drive a wide range of …

The discovery of the sensory nature of the carotid body dates back to the beginning of the
20th century. Following these seminal discoveries, research into carotid body mechanisms …

Microglial cells are crucial in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and
mediating CNS disease pathogenesis. Increasing evidence supports that alterations in the …

Microglia are primary immune sentinels of the CNS. Following injury, these cells migrate or
extend processes toward sites of tissue damage. CNS injury is accompanied by release of …

Mammalian ATP-gated nonselective cation channels (P2XRs) can be composed of seven
possible subunits, denoted P2X1 to P2X7. Each subunit contains a large ectodomain, two …

P2X receptors are cation-selective ion channels gated by extracellular ATP, and are
implicated in diverse physiological processes, from synaptic transmission to inflammation to …

Inflammation is an innate immune response to infection or tissue damage that is designed to
limit harm to the host, but contributes significantly to ischemic brain injury following stroke …