Having made substantial progress understanding molecules, cells, genes and pathways,
aging biology research is now moving toward integration of these parts, attempting to …

Between the 1930s and 50s, evolutionary biologists developed a successful theory of why
organisms age, firmly rooted in population genetic principles. By the 1980s the evolution of …

Age-related change in human haematopoiesis causes reduced regenerative capacity,
cytopenias, immune dysfunction and increased risk of blood cancer,–, but the reason for …

Lifetime reproductive success of individuals in a natural population provides an estimate of
Darwinian fitness. We calculated lifetime reproductive success in a colony of female …

This chapter provides an overview of life history theory (LHT). LHT conceptualizes specific
allocation tradeoffs in terms of three broad, fundamental trade‐offs: the present‐future …

Birds have been comprehensively assessed on the International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN) Red List more times than any other taxonomic group. However, to date …

As people live longer, ages at death are becoming more similar. This dual advance over the
last two centuries, a central aim of public health policies, is a major achievement of modern …

In human populations, women consistently outlive men, which suggests profound biological
foundations for sex differences in survival. Quantifying whether such sex differences are also …

Animals exhibit an extraordinary diversity of life history strategies. These realized
combinations of survival, development and reproduction are predicted to be constrained by …

Proteases are a set of enzymes that have been involved in multiple biological processes
throughout evolution. Among them, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling has emerged as …