Quaternary ammonium compounds: a chemical class of emerging concern

WA Arnold, A Blum, J Branyan, TA Bruton… - Environmental …, 2023 - ACS Publications
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), a large class of chemicals that includes high
production volume substances, have been used for decades as antimicrobials …

Identification and prioritization of environmental organic pollutants: from an analytical and toxicological perspective

T Ruan, P Li, H Wang, T Li, G Jiang - Chemical Reviews, 2023 - ACS Publications
Exposure to environmental organic pollutants has triggered significant ecological impacts
and adverse health outcomes, which have been received substantial and increasing …

Quaternary ammonium compounds of emerging concern: Classification, occurrence, fate, toxicity and antimicrobial resistance

S Mohapatra, L Yutao, SG Goh, C Ng, Y Luhua… - Journal of hazardous …, 2023 - Elsevier
Amplified hygiene and precautionary measures are of utmost importance to control the
spread of COVID-19 and future infection; however, these changes in practice are projected …

Increased use of quaternary ammonium compounds during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and beyond: consideration of environmental implications

PI Hora, SG Pati, PJ McNamara… - Environmental Science & …, 2020 - ACS Publications
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are active ingredients in over 200 disinfectants
currently recommended by the US EPA for use to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) …

Benzalkonium chlorides: uses, regulatory status, and microbial resistance

B Merchel Piovesan Pereira… - Applied and …, 2019 - journals.asm.org
Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) are chemicals with widespread applications due to their
broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review …

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs): a review on occurrence, fate and toxicity in the environment

C Zhang, F Cui, G Zeng, M Jiang, Z Yang, Z Yu… - Science of the Total …, 2015 - Elsevier
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely applied in household and industrial
products. Most uses of QACs can be expected to lead to their release to wastewater …

Surfactant pollution, an emerging threat to ecosystem: Approaches for effective bacterial degradation

J Arora, A Ranjan, A Chauhan, R Biswas… - Journal of Applied …, 2022 - academic.oup.com
The use of surfactants in households and industries is inevitable and so is their discharge
into the environment, especially into the water bodies as effluents. Being surface‐active …

Effects of heavy metal and disinfectant on antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factor genes in the plastisphere from diverse soil ecosystems

B Ni, TL Zhang, TG Cai, Q **ang, D Zhu - Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024 - Elsevier
Antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) are world-wide contaminants posing potential health
risks. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and heavy metals can apply selective …

Development and application of a multidimensional database for the detection of quaternary ammonium compounds and their phase I hepatic metabolites in humans

R Nguyen, RP Seguin, DH Ross, P Chen… - Environmental …, 2024 - ACS Publications
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significantly increased human exposure to the widely
used disinfectants quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). Xenobiotic metabolism …

Quaternary ammonium disinfectants: microbial adaptation, degradation and ecology

U Tezel, SG Pavlostathis - Current opinion in biotechnology, 2015 - Elsevier
Highlights•Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are disinfectants used in many
applications.•Bacteria exposed to sub-inhibitory QAC concentrations develop …