The immune system enables organisms to combat infections and to eliminate endogenous
challenges. Immune responses can be evoked through diverse inducible pathways …

RNA silencing is a homology-dependent gene inactivation mechanism that regulates a wide
range of biological processes including antiviral defense. To deal with host antiviral …

RNA silencing (RNAi) has a well-established role in anti-viral immunity in plants. The
destructive eukaryotic pathogen Phytophthora encodes suppressors of RNAi (PSRs), which …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that control gene expression through silencing of
target mRNAs. Mature miRNAs are processed from primary miRNA transcripts by the …

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins
(CRISPR-Cas) systems have been developed as important tools for plant genome …

RNA silencing is a central regulator of gene expression in most eukaryotes and acts both at
the transcriptional level through DNA methylation and at the post-transcriptional level …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous∼ 22 nt RNAs that can play important regulatory
roles in animals and plants by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression …

Highlights•Unlike RNA decay, RNAi results in continued rounds of post-transcriptional
silencing.•Pathways exist for both uncleaved and small RNA-sliced transcripts to enter …

Translation inhibition is a major but poorly understood mode of action of microRNAs
(miRNAs) in plants and animals. In particular, the subcellular location where this process …

A conserved biological response to double-stranded RNA, known variously as RNA
interference (RNAi) or post-transcriptional gene silencing, mediates resistance to both …