Cancer cells originate from a series of acquired genetic mutations that can drive their
uncontrolled cell proliferation and immune evasion. Environmental factors, including the …

Eukaryotic cells have developed complex systems to regulate the production and response
to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different ROS control diverse aspects of cell behaviour …

Tumor-resident intracellular microbiota is an emerging tumor component that has been
documented for a variety of cancer types with unclear biological functions. Here, we …

BACKGROUND Historical accounts linking cancer and microbes date as early as four
millennia ago. After establishment of the germ theory of infectious diseases, clinical research …

The field of research in bladder cancer has seen significant advances in recent years. Next-
generation sequencing has identified the genes most mutated in bladder cancer. This …

Microbiota-derived metabolites that elicit DNA damage can contribute to colorectal cancer
(CRC). However, the full spectrum of genotoxic chemicals produced by indigenous gut …

Melanoma, a skin cancer that develops from pigment cells, has been studied intensively,
particularly in terms of the immune response to tumours, and has been used as a model for …

The microbiota comprises the microorganisms that live in close contact with the host, with
mutual benefit for both counterparts. The contribution of the gut microbiota to the emergence …

Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other eukaryotes, play critical roles in
human health. An altered microbiome can be associated with complex diseases …

Bile acids are soluble derivatives of cholesterol produced in the liver that subsequently
undergo bacterial transformation yielding a diverse array of metabolites. The bulk of bile …