The global impacts of climate change are evident in every marine ecosystem. On coral reefs,
mass coral bleaching and mortality have emerged as ubiquitous responses to ocean …

BACKGROUND Although the ocean moderates anthropogenic climate change, this has
great impacts on its fundamental physics and chemistry, with important consequences for …

Diseases are major drivers of the deterioration of coral reefs and are linked to major
declines in coral abundance, reef functionality, and reef-related ecosystems services. An …

Coral reefs are in global decline. Reversing this trend is a primary management objective
but doing so depends on understanding what keeps reefs in desirable states (ie …

Scientists have advocated for local interventions, such as creating marine protected areas
and implementing fishery restrictions, as ways to mitigate local stressors to limit the effects of …

Coral reefs can provide significant coastal protection benefits to people and property. Here
we show that the annual expected damages from flooding would double, and costs from …

Despite the disparities in size and volume of marine and freshwater realms, a strikingly
similar number of species is found in each–with 15 150 Actinopterygian fishes in fresh water …

The world's coastal zones are experiencing rapid development and an increase in storms
and flooding. These hazards put coastal communities at heightened risk, which may …

Natural habitats have the ability to protect coastal communities against the impacts of waves
and storms, yet it is unclear how different habitats complement each other to reduce those …

Coastal ecosystems, particularly intertidal wetlands and reefs (coral and shellfish), can play
a critical role in reducing the vulnerability of coastal communities to rising seas and coastal …