The human microbiome encodes more than three million genes, outnumbering human
genes by more than 100 times, while microbial cells in the human microbiota outnumber …

The gut–brain axis (GBA) is the umbrella term to include all bidirectional communication
between the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the mammalian body. Evidence from over …

To understand the dynamic interplay between the human microbiome and host during
health and disease, we analyzed the microbial composition, temporal dynamics, and …

Background Bioactive lipids produced by human cells or by the gut microbiota might play an
important role in health and disease. Dietary intakes are key determinants of the gut …

Abstract The Rotterdam Study is a population-based cohort study, started in 1990 in the
district of Ommoord in the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands, with the aim to describe the …

Maternal diets during pregnancy and lactation are key determinants that regulate the
development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in offspring. l-malic acid (MA) was previously …

Observational studies have shown that the gut microbiome is associated with frailty.
However, whether these associations underlie causal effects remains unknown. Thus, this …

Thyroid disorders are clinically characterized by alterations of L-3, 5, 3', 5'-tetraiodothyronine
(T4), L-3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and/or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the …

Introduction Gut microbiome (GM) deregulation has been implicated in major conditions
such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Our previous prospective study indicated that …

Background Studies showed that development of gut microbial dysbiosis has a close
association with type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is not yet clear if there is a causal relationship …