Abstract Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) have become a focal point of research
due to their widespread daily use and diverse synthesis methods, including physical …

BACKGROUND Numerous lines of evidence challenge the traditional interpretations of how
crystals nucleate and grow in synthetic and natural systems. In contrast to the monomer-by …

The remarkable achievement by Fujishima and Honda (1972) in the photo-electrochemical
water splitting results in the extensive use of TiO 2 nanomaterials for environmental …

In 1991, Iijima reported on the formation of carbon nanotubes (1) using a simple arc
discharge reaction that led to an arrangement of the material in some micrometer long tubes …

Graphitic carbon nitride (gC 3 N 4) has emerged as a remarkably promising photocatalyst for
addressing environmental and energy issues; however, it exhibits only moderate …

Titanium dioxide (titania, TiO 2) has been fervently researched over the past few decades
due to its potential applications across many different areas. Thanks to its bulk properties …

Titanium dioxide, TiO 2, is an important photocatalytic material that exists as two main
polymorphs, anatase and rutile. The presence of either or both of these phases impacts on …

The establishment of a built-in electric field between different phases of the same material is
one of the most effective techniques to promote photocatalytic activity. Crystalline graphitic …

Due to the increasingly polluted environment and the gradual depletion of fossil fuel
reserves, the development of renewable technologies for environmental remediation and …

Titanium dioxide (TiO2), white color, with a high brightness and refractive index, has been
widely used as a white pigment since its commercial production in the 1920s. 1 Its low cost …