Traditionally, multiple sclerosis has been categorised by distinct clinical descriptors—
relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive—for patient care …

Noncancerous diseases include a wide plethora of medical conditions beyond cancer and
are a major cause of mortality around the world. Despite progresses in clinical research …

Oligodendrocytes generate multiple layers of myelin membrane around axons of the central
nervous system to enable fast and efficient nerve conduction. Until recently, saltatory nerve …

MRI has improved the diagnostic work-up of multiple sclerosis, but inappropriate image
interpretation and application of MRI diagnostic criteria contribute to misdiagnosis. Some …

Despite the development of highly effective treatments for relapsing–remitting multiple
sclerosis (MS), limited progress has been made in addressing primary progressive or …

In contrast to the multiple disease-modifying therapies that are available for relapsing–
remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), the therapeutic options for progressive MS (PMS) are …

Objective Rates of worsening and evolution to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
(MS) may be substantially lower in actively treated patients compared to natural history …

Importance The mechanisms driving neurodegeneration and brain atrophy in relapsing
multiple sclerosis (RMS) are not completely understood. Objective To determine whether …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are discovered as crucial pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
involved in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Later …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory-neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous
system presenting with significant inter-and intraindividual heterogeneity. However, the …