Produced water (PW), a large byproduct of offshore oil and gas extraction, is reinjected to
formations or discharged to the sea after treatment. The discharges contain dispersed crude …

With major oil spills in Korea, the United States, and China in the past decade, there has
been a dramatic increase in the number of studies characterizing the developmental toxicity …

The long-term ecological impacts of the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) are compared to two
extensively studied and more recent large spills: Deepwater Horizon (DWH) and the Hebei …

The develo** fish heart is vulnerable to a diverse array of toxic chemical contaminants in
freshwater, estuarine, and marine habitats. Globally occurring examples of cardiotoxic …

In the wake of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, a number of government agencies,
academic institutions, consultants, and nonprofit organizations conducted lab-and field …

Numerous studies of the water-soluble fraction (WSF) from crude oil have concluded that
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the primary causative agents for early life …

The temporal and geographic attributes of the Deepwater Horizon incident in 2010 likely
exposed pelagic game fish species, such as mahi‐mahi, to crude oil. Although much of the …

Crude oils from distinct geological sources worldwide are toxic to develo** fish hearts.
When oil spills occur in fish spawning habitats, natural resource injury assessments often …

To facilitate pipeline transport of bitumen, it is diluted with natural gas condensate, and the
resulting mixture,“dilbit”, differs greatly in chemical composition to conventional crude oil …

Oil fate and exposure modeling addresses the complexities of oil composition, weathering,
partitioning in the environment, and the distributions and behaviors of aquatic biota to …