The prevalence and intensity of parasites in wild hosts varies across space and is a key
determinant of infection risk in humans, domestic animals and threatened wildlife. Because …

An understudied aspect of vertebrate ecoimmunology has been the relative contributions of
environmental factors (E), genetic background (G) and their interaction (G× E) in sha** …

Wild organisms are regularly exposed to a wide range of parasites, requiring the
management of an effective immune response while avoiding immunopathology. Currently …

The diverse biology and ecology of marine organisms may lead to complex patterns of
intraspecific diversity for both neutral and adaptive genetic variation. Sebastes mentella …

Helminths are common parasites which often drastically reduce host survival and
reproductive success and therefore impose strong selection pressure on the hosts to evolve …

The thymus structure of four species of immature insectivorous mammals belonging to the
families Soricidae and Erinaceidae (Eulipotyphla) has been studied. Representatives of the …

Recent works have generally indicated that insects exhibit two immune response strategies:
external and internal immune defense. However, the immune-related trade-offs and …

Helminth parasites pose a significant threat to host survival and reproductive success,
imposing strong selection pressure on hosts to evolve countermessures (eg, immune …

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a significant threat to public health, with the
frequency of emergence events increasing in recent decades. The vast majority of EIDs are …

The diverse biology and ecology of marine organisms may lead to complex patterns of
intraspecific diversity for both neutral and adaptive genetic variation. Sebastes mentella …