Abstract China has 6.6 million km2 of drylands that support approximately 580 million
people. These drylands are at risk of desertification. In this Review, the changes observed in …

Drylands are an essential component of the Earth System and are among the most
vulnerable to climate change. In this Review, we synthesize observational and modelling …

Grazing represents the most extensive use of land worldwide. Yet its impacts on ecosystem
services remain uncertain because pervasive interactions between grazing pressure …

Relationships between biodiversity and multiple ecosystem functions (that is, ecosystem
multifunctionality) are context-dependent. Both plant and soil microbial diversity have been …

Soils are the foundation of all terrestrial ecosystems. However, unlike for plants and animals,
a global assessment of hotspots for soil nature conservation is still lacking. This hampers our …

While soil erosion drives land degradation, the impact of erosion on soil microbial
communities and multiple soil functions remains unclear. This hinders our ability to assess …

While the contribution of biodiversity to supporting multiple ecosystem functions is well
established in natural ecosystems, the relationship of the above-and below-ground diversity …

Grazing by domestic herbivores is the most widespread land use on the planet, and also a
major global change driver in grasslands. Yet, experimental evidence on the long-term …

Belowground biodiversity supports multiple ecosystem functions and services that humans
rely on. However, there is a dearth of studies exploring the determinants of the biodiversity …

The role of soil biodiversity in regulating multiple ecosystem functions is poorly understood,
limiting our ability to predict how soil biodiversity loss might affect human wellbeing and …