Plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9) is an essential component of photosynthesis that carries electrons
in the linear and alternative electron transport chains, and is also a redox sensor that …

Plastids have retained from their cyanobacterial ancestor a fragment of the respiratory
electron chain comprising an NADPH dehydrogenase and a diiron oxidase, which sustain …

Photosynthesis—the conversion of energy from sunlight into chemical energy—is essential
for life on Earth. Yet there is much we do not understand about photosynthetic energy …

Arabidopsis plants were grown in white light (400–700 nm) or in white light supplemented
with far‐red (FR) light peaking at 730 nm. FR‐enriched light induced the typical shade …

Vitamin A deficiency remains prevalent in parts of Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan
Africa where maize (Zea mays) is a food staple. Extensive natural variation exists for …

Carotenoids perform a broad range of important functions in humans; therefore, carotenoid
biofortification of maize (Zea mays L.), one of the most highly produced cereal crops …

Redox regulation, antioxidant defence, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling are
critical in performing and tuning metabolic activities. However, our concepts have mostly …

Background Leaf variegation is an intriguing phenomenon observed in many plant species.
However, questions remain on its mechanisms causing patterns of different colours. In this …

A plastid-localized terminal oxidase, PTox, was first described due to its role in chloroplast
development, with plants lacking PTox producing white sectors on their leaves. This …

Key message Even a point mutation in the psaA gene mediates chlorophyll deficiency. The
role of the plastid signal may perform the redox state of the compounds on the acceptor-side …