The known seven mammalian receptor subunits (P2X1–7) form cationic channels gated by
ATP. Three subunits compose a receptor channel. Each subunit is a polypeptide consisting …

Genome-wide sequencing has led to the discovery of thousands of long non-coding RNA
(lncRNA) loci in the human genome, but evidence of functional significance has remained …

INTRODUCTION Obesity accounts for a substantial and growing burden of disease globally.
Body adiposity is highly heritable, and human genetic studies can lead to biological and …

Approximately one-third of all mammalian genes are essential for life. Phenotypes resulting
from knockouts of these genes in mice have provided tremendous insight into gene function …

Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) 3 regulates plasma lipids by inhibiting LPL and
endothelial lipase (EL). ANGPTL3 inactivation lowers LDL-C independently of the classical …

Summary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes 1.6 million deaths annually. Active
tuberculosis correlates with a neutrophil-driven type I interferon (IFN) signature, but the …

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic intervention. However,
complete and durable responses are only seen in a fraction of patients who have cancer. A …

Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells has become the principal technology for
manipulation of the mouse genome, offering unrivalled accuracy in allele design and access …

Many studies are uncovering functional roles for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), yet few
have been tested for in vivo relevance through genetic ablation in animal models. To …

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by
episodically exuberant heterotopic ossification (HO), whereby skeletal muscle is abnormally …