Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signalling molecules that enable cells to rapidly
respond to different stimuli. In plants, ROS play a crucial role in abiotic and biotic stress …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a pivotal role in
the dynamic cell signaling systems in plants, even under biotic and abiotic stress conditions …

Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential plant defense hormone that promotes immunity against
biotrophic and semibiotrophic pathogens. It plays crucial roles in basal defense and the …

Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) was discovered in Arabidopsis as
an activator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immune responses nearly 30 years ago. How …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for life and are involved in the regulation of
almost all biological processes. ROS production is critical for plant development, response …

As the most widely used herbal medicine in human history and a major defence hormone in
plants against a broad spectrum of pathogens and abiotic stresses, salicylic acid (SA) has …

NPR1 is a master regulator of the defence transcriptome induced by the plant immune signal
salicylic acid,,–. Despite the important role of NPR1 in plant immunity,–, understanding of its …

Highlights•Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant defense hormone with critical roles in PTI, ETI and
SAR.•Induction of SA synthesis is orchestrated via complex transcriptional regulation of …

During their lifetime, plants encounter numerous biotic and abiotic stresses with diverse
modes of attack. Phytohormones, including salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), jasmonate …

In plants, pathogen effector-triggered immunity (ETI) often leads to programmed cell death,
which is restricted by NPR1, an activator of systemic acquired resistance. However, the …