Anthropogenic disturbance has generated a significant loss of biodiversity worldwide and
grazing by domestic herbivores is a contributing disturbance. Although the effects of grazing …

Background The largest terrestrial species in the order Carnivora are wide-ranging and rare
because of their positions at the top of food webs. They are some of the world's most …

The current rate of species extinction is rapidly approaching unprecedented highs, and life
on Earth presently faces a sixth mass extinction event driven by anthropogenic activity …

Few concepts in ecology have been so influential as that of the trophic cascade. Since the
1980s, the term has been a central or major theme of more than 2000 scientific articles …

This book explores the geography, ecology, and antiquity of'open ecosystems', which
include grasslands, savannas, and shrublands. They occur in climates that can support …

The diverse functional roles of over 6,000 species of extant mammals that range in body size
across eight orders of magnitude, from blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to tiny …

The 1995/1996 reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) into Yellowstone National Park
after a 70year absence has allowed for studies of tri-trophic cascades involving wolves, elk …

Aim Predators often have important roles in structuring ecosystems via their effects on each
other and on prey populations. However, these effects may be altered in the presence of …

A paradigm shift is roiling the environmental world. For decades people have
unquestioningly accepted the idea that our goal is to preserve nature in its pristine, pre …

Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for
millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind's most pervasive influence …