Early-stage cancer detection could reduce breast cancer death rates significantly in the long-
term. The most critical point for best prognosis is to identify early-stage cancer cells …

Carcinoma of the lungs is among the most menacing forms of malignancy and has a poor
prognosis, with a low overall survival rate due to delayed detection and ineffectiveness of …

In the realm of drug delivery, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained tremendous attention
as promising nanocarriers, owing to their distinct characteristics, such as high surface area …

Graphene is a two-dimensional atomic crystal, and since its development it has been
applied in many novel ways in both research and industry. Graphene possesses unique …

Chitosan, derived from chitin, is a biopolymer consisting of arbitrarily distributed β-(1-4)-
linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine that exhibits outstanding properties …

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received increasing attention in biomedical fields because
of their unique structures and properties, including high aspect ratios, large surface areas …

Therapeutic cancer vaccines require robust cellular immunity for the efficient killing of tumor
cells, and recent advances in neoantigen discovery may provide safe and promising targets …

Despite significant advancements in cancer therapy, many therapeutic limitations such as off-
target side effects, drug or gene instability, and multi-drug resistance (MDR), pose a major …

Nowadays cancer remains one of the main causes of death in the world. Current diagnostic
techniques need to be improved to provide earlier diagnosis and treatment. Traditional …

Nanomaterials have brought a paradigm shift in the field of science and technology leading
to the development of futuristic materials with value addition. Carbon-based nanomaterials …