The first therapeutic nucleic acid, a DNA oligonucleotide, was approved for clinical use in
1998. Twenty years later, in 2018, the first therapeutic RNA-based oligonucleotide was …

Signal transduction by the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is central to host defence against many
pathogenic microorganisms and also underlies a large burden of human disease. Thus, the …

Although circumstantial evidence supports enhanced Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signalling
as a mechanism of human systemic autoimmune disease,,,,,–, evidence of lupus-causing …

The field of RNA nanotechnology has advanced rapidly during the past decade. A variety of
programmable RNA nanoparticles with defined shape, size, and stoichiometry have been …

RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which small RNA (sRNA) molecules
sequence-specifically silence gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional …

Synthetic nucleic acids are commonly used laboratory tools for modulating gene expression
and have the potential to be widely used in the clinic. Progress towards nucleic acid drugs …

Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, little is known of their
overall persistence in the cell following processing. Characterization of such persistence is …

Abstract TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a key signalling component in the production of
type-I interferons, which have essential antiviral activities, including against SARS-CoV-2 …

RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression in a
sequence-specific manner. In the last decade, RNAi has become a cornerstone in basic …

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been shown to effectively downregulate gene
expression in human cells, giving them potential to eradicate disease. Prospects for clinical …