The capacity of climatic conditions to modulate the extent and intensity of parasitism is well
known since long ago. Concerning helminths, among the numerous environmental …

Current knowledge of animal and zoonotic helminthiases in which effects of climate change
have been detected is reviewed. Climate variables are able to affect the prevalence …

Parasites have evolved independently in numerous animal lineages, and they now make up
a considerable proportion of the biodiversity of life. Not only do they impact humans and …

Global warming can affect the world's biota and the functioning of ecosystems in many
indirect ways. Recent evidence indicates that climate change can alter the geographical …

In some of the most complex animal societies, individuals exhibit a cooperative division of
labour to form castes. The most pronounced types of caste formation involve reproductive …

From hundreds of independent transitions from a free-living existence to a parasitic mode of
life, separate parasite lineages have converged over evolutionary time to share traits and …

Matrotrophy, the continuous extra‐vitelline supply of nutrients from the parent to the progeny
during gestation, is one of the masterpieces of nature, contributing to offspring fitness and …

A reproductive division of labour has recently been discovered within polyembryonic
colonies of two species of parasitic trematodes infecting snail hosts. In these colonies, one …

Schistosomes infect hundreds of millions of people in the develo** world. Transmission of
these parasites relies on a stem cell-driven, clonal expansion of larvae inside a molluscan …

Current aquatic farming practices and the species that are grown worldwide are
extraordinarily varied and reflect the diversity of habitats, ecological niches and biological …