Currently, particular interest among the scientific community is focused on exploring the use
of exosomes for several pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. This is due to the …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring cell-secreted nanoparticles that play
important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. EVs enable intercellular …

The main challenges for programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) checkpoint
blockade lie in a lack of sufficient T cell infiltration, tumor immunosuppressive …

Abstract microRNAs (miRNAs) are suggested to play substantial roles in regulating the
development and various physiologic functions of the central nervous system (CNS). These …

Mammalian cells synthesize and release heterogeneous extracellular vesicles (EVs) which
can be generally recognized as subclasses including exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and …

In recent years, various drug nano-delivery platforms have emerged to enhance drug
effectiveness in cancer treatment. However, their successful translation to clinics have been …

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are lipid-bilayer enclosed vesicles in submicron size that are
released from cells. A variety of molecules, including proteins, DNA fragments, RNAs, lipids …

The development of new high-tech systems for screening anticancer drugs is one of the
main problems of preclinical screening. Poor correlation between preclinical in vitro and in …

Simple Summary Presently, the investigation of the tumor is carried out using different
models. One of the promising areas is the creation of 3D tumor models, such as spheroids …

The continuous growing, spreading, and metastasis of tumor cells depend on intercellular
communication within cells resident in a tissue environment. Such communication is …