Eukaryogenesis, the origin of the eukaryotic cell, represents one of the fundamental
evolutionary transitions in the history of life on earth. This event, which is estimated to have …

This article reviews the production of different phenotypes from the same genotype in the
same environment by stochastic cellular events, nonlinear mechanisms during patterning …

Lysine lactylation has been recognized as a novel post-translational modification occurring
on histones. However, lactylation in non-histone proteins, especially in proteins of early …

The parasites Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma brucei, and Trypanosoma cruzi are the
trypanosomatid protozoa that cause the deadly human diseases leishmaniasis, African …

Background The transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes was the most radical change in
cell organisation since life began, with the largest ever burst of gene duplication and novelty …

Kinetoplastids, including the human pathogens Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi
and Leishmania, are the only known organisms that do not regulate the transcription of …

BACKGROUND: Trypanosomatids are early-diverging eukaryotes devoid of the major
disulfide reductases–glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase–that control thiol …

Endogenous retroviruses represent about 8% of the human genome and belong to the
superfamily of transposable and retrotransposable genetic elements. Altogether, these …

Trypanosomatids are protozoan micro-organisms that cause serious health problems in
humans and domestic animals. In addition to their medical relevance, these pathogens have …

The decline in immunocompetence with age is accompanied by the increase in the
incidence of autoimmune diseases. Aging of the immune system, or immunosenescence, is …