T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) include tumor cells, immune cells, cytokines, etc.
The interactions between these components, which are divided into anti-tumor and pro …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) characterized by the expression of the master transcription factor
forkhead box protein p3 (Foxp3) suppress anticancer immunity, thereby hindering protective …

Immune checkpoint blockade is a promising approach to activate antitumor immunity and
improve the survival of patients with cancer. V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell …

Naive T cells are actively maintained in a quiescent state that promotes their survival and
persistence. On antigen stimulation, T cells exit quiescence to initiate clonal expansion and …

Cancer is one of the most common diseases and causes of death worldwide. Since common
treatment approaches do not yield acceptable results in many patients, develo** …

CD28 and CTLA-4 are both important stimulatory receptors for the regulation of T cell
activation. Because receptors share common ligands, B7. 1 and B7. 2, the expression and …

Most tissues are populated by tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells), which are
adapted to their niche and appear to be indispensable for local protection against …

Following infection, T cells differentiate into a heterogeneous population of effector T cells
that can mediate pathogen clearance. A subset of these effector T cells possesses the ability …

Immunotherapies like the adoptive transfer of gene-engineered T cells and immune
checkpoint inhibitors are novel therapeutic modalities for advanced cancers. However, some …