The evolution of insecticide resistance is generally thought to be associated with a fitness
cost in the absence of insecticide exposure. However, it is not clear how these fitness costs …

Dominance refers to the effect of a heterozygous genotype relative to that of the two
homozygous genotypes. The degree of dominance of mutations for fitness can have a …

Highlights•CNVs are a major source of polymorphism in genomes and arise
frequently.•Copies may be heterogeneous (duplications) or homogeneous …

Vector population control using insecticides is a key element of current strategies to prevent
malaria transmission in Africa. The introduction of effective insecticides, such as the …

Gene copy-number variations are widespread in natural populations, but investigating their
phenotypic consequences requires contemporary duplications under selection. Such …

Publisher Summary The control of vector-borne diseases represents one of the greatest
global public health challenges. This chapter provides a global overview of various aspects …

Widespread resistance to pyrethroids threatens malaria control in Africa. Consequently,
several countries switched to carbamates and organophophates insecticides for indoor …

Following the draft sequence of the first human genome over 20 years ago, we have
achieved unprecedented insights into the rules governing its evolution, often with direct …

The characteristic properties of the X chromosome, such as male hemizygosity and its
unique inheritance pattern, expose it to natural selection in a way that can be different from …

Anopheles gambiae sl. has been the target of intense insecticide treatment since the mid-
20th century to try and control malaria. A substitution in the ace-1 locus has been rapidly …