Three-dimensional bioprinting uses additive manufacturing techniques for the automated
fabrication of hierarchically organized living constructs. The building blocks are often …

Alginate is an edible heteropolysaccharide that abundantly available in the brown seaweed
and the capsule of bacteria such as Azotobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Owing to …

Degradable polymers are used widely in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Maturing capabilities in additive manufacturing coupled with advances in orthogonal …

The proven ability of additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing) to fabricate
complex components with substantial reductions in material wastage and reduced lead …

Traditional hydrogels are strong candidates for biomedical applications; however, they may
suffer from drawbacks such as weak mechanics, static properties, and an inability to fully …

In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has attracted wide research interest in
biomedical engineering and clinical applications. This technology allows for unparalleled …

Advances in biomaterials and the need for patient-specific bone scaffolds require modern
manufacturing approaches in addition to a design strategy. Hybrid materials such as those …

Tissue engineering is a promising strategy for damaged cartilage tissue repair. Three-
dimensional (3D) printed hydrogel exhibits great potential in cartilage tissue engineering for …

Natural biopolymers have been widely employed as biomaterial ink hydrogels for three-
dimensional (3D) extrusion bioprinting in the preparation of the next generation of …

A typical description of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) can be surprisingly simple,
systems that consist of two crosslinked polymer networks that are physically entangled but …