Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems are widely used for biological
studies, and are the basis of the organoid, tissue engineering and organ-on-chip research …

Bioorthogonal chemistry represents a class of high-yielding chemical reactions that proceed
rapidly and selectively in biological environments without side reactions towards …

The emerging inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reaction stands out from other
bioorthogonal reactions by virtue of its unmatchable kinetics, excellent orthogonality and …

The merging of click chemistry with discrete photochemical processes has led to the creation
of a new class of click reactions, collectively known as photoclick chemistry. These light …

Chemically modified biomacromolecules─ ie, proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, and lipids─
have become crucial tools in chemical biology. They are extensively used not only to …

Bioorthogonal pretargeting optical imaging shows the potential for enhanced diagnosis and
prognosis. However, the bioorthogonal handles, known for being “always reactive”, may …

2, 4, 5, 6-Tetrakis (3, 6-di-tert-butyl-9 H-carbazol-9-yl) isophthalonitrile (4CzIPN-t Bu) was
developed as a photocatalyst for the phosphorus-radical-initiated cascade cyclization …

Bioorthogonal chemistries enable researchers to interrogate biomolecules in living systems.
These reactions are highly selective and biocompatible, and can be performed in many …

Bioorthogonal cycloaddition reactions between tetrazines and strained dienophiles are
widely used for protein, lipid and glycan labelling because of their extremely rapid kinetics …

Photoclick reactions combine the advantages offered by light-driven processes, that is, non-
invasive and high spatiotemporal control, with classical click chemistry and have found …