This article recounts, from my perspective of four decades in this field, evolving paradigms of
primary cell wall structure and the mechanism of surface enlargement of growing cell walls …

Plant cells build nanofibrillar walls that are central to plant growth, morphogenesis and
mechanics. Starting from simple sugars, three groups of polysaccharides, namely, cellulose …

To survive, plants constantly adapt their body shape to their environment. This often involves
remarkably rapid bending of their organs such as stems, leaves and roots. Since plant cells …

Pectin is an abundant cell wall polysaccharide with essential roles in various biological
processes. The structural diversity of pectins, along with the numerous combinations of the …

Rates of plant cell elongation change with day-night alternation, reflecting differences in
metabolism related to cell wall remodeling. Information from cell wall surveillance pathways …

Tissue bending is vital to plant development, as exemplified by apical hook formation during
seedling emergence by bending of the hypocotyl. How tissue bending is coordinated during …

Hemicellulose polysaccharides influence assembly and properties of the plant primary cell
wall (PCW), perhaps by interacting with cellulose to affect the deposition and bundling of …

Endoreplication is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for increasing nuclear DNA
content (ploidy). Ploidy frequently scales with final cell and organ size, suggesting a key role …

The instructive role of mechanical cues during morphogenesis is increasingly being
recognized in all kingdoms. Patterns of mechanical stress depend on shape, growth and …

Apical hook is a simple curved structure formed at the upper part of hypocotyls when dicot
seeds germinate in darkness. The hook structure is transient but essential for seedlings' …