Abstract Treatment resistance affects 20–60% of patients with psychiatric disorders; and is
associated with increased healthcare burden and costs up to ten-fold higher relative to …

Abstract Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), the persistence of positive symptoms
despite≥ 2 trials of adequate dose and duration of antipsychotic medication with …

Glutamate and dopamine systems play distinct roles in terms of neuronal signalling, yet both
have been proposed to contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In …

Economics and mental health are intertwined. Apart from the accumulating evidence of the
huge economic impacts of mental ill‐health, and the growing recognition of the effects that …

Abstract Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) will affect about one in three patients with
schizophrenia. Clozapine is the only treatment approved for TRS, and patients should be …

Objective: Research and clinical translation in schizophrenia is limited by inconsistent
definitions of treatment resistance and response. To address this issue, the authors …

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) occurs in approximately 30% of individuals
diagnosed with schizophrenia. The identification and management of TRS in clinical …

The dopamine hypothesis is the longest standing pathoetiologic theory of schizophrenia.
Because it was initially based on indirect evidence and findings in patients with established …

The glutamate and dopamine hypotheses are leading theories of the pathoaetiology of
schizophrenia. Both were initially based on indirect evidence from pharmacological studies …

Abstract Treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) refers to the significant proportion of
schizophrenia patients who continue to have symptoms and poor outcomes despite …