Proponents for electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) claim that they are a safe alternative to tobacco-
based cigarettes; however, little is known about the long-term effects of exposure to E-cig …

The rapid increase in use of electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarettes), especially among youth,
raises the urgency for regulating bodies to make informed decisions, guidance, and policy …

The metabolic syndrome, often accompanied by hepatic manifestations, is a high-risk factor
for develo** cardiovascular disease. Patients with metabolic dysfunction associated with …

Background Ischemic stroke causes brain inflammation, which we postulate may result in
lung damage. Several studies have focused on stroke-induced immunosuppression and …

Classic atherosclerosis risk factors do not explain all cases of chronic heart disease. There
is significant evidence that gut microbiota may influence the development of atherosclerosis …

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cause of chronic heart failure (HF). Increasing
evidence has revealed that trimethylamine N‑oxide (TMAO), a gut‑microbiota‑derived …

Introduction High fructose and salt consumption continues to be prevalent in western
society. Existing studies show that a rat model reflecting a diet of fructose and salt consumed …

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) has become a gold standard index to quantify the stiffness of the
aorta and is a predictor of cardiovascular events. A recent paper compared the pOpmètreⓇ …

(1) Background: Arterial stiffness is an important predictor of cardiovascular events.
Perindopril and physical exercise are important in controlling hypertension and arterial …

Aim We sought to explore whether fetal hypoxia exposure, an insult of placental
insufficiency, is associated with left ventricular dysfunction and increased aortic stiffness at …