Respiratory viruses cause infections of the upper or lower respiratory tract and they are
responsible for the common cold—the most prevalent disease in the world. In many cases …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria cannot be considered as static structures,
as they intimately communicate, forming very dynamic platforms termed mitochondria …

An accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads
to stress conditions. To mitigate such circumstances, stressed cells activate a homeostatic …

Inflammasomes are intracellular complexes involved in the innate immunity that convert
proIL‐1β and proIL‐18 to mature forms and initiate pyroptosis via cleaving procaspase‐1 …

Free fatty acids (FFAs) are important substrates for mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and
ATP synthesis but also cause serious stress to various tissues, contributing to the …

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a homeostatic mechanism by which cells regulate
levels of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although it is well …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium signaling is implicated in a myriad of coordinated
cellular processes. The ER calcium content is tightly regulated as it allows a favorable …

Ionized calcium (Ca2+) is the most versatile cellular messenger. All cells use Ca2+ signals
to regulate their activities in response to extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli. Alterations in cellular …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria accumulate Ca2+ within their lumens to
regulate numerous cell functions. However, determining the dynamics of intraorganellar …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are tubular organelles with a
characteristic “network structure” that facilitates the formation of interorganellar connections …