Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health reflects the interplay among metabolic risk factors,
chronic kidney disease, and the cardiovascular system and has profound impacts on …

Importance Worldwide, the burden of heart failure has increased to an estimated 23 million
people, and approximately 50% of cases are HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) …

Background: Chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes are independently associated with
heart failure (HF), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In the FIDELIO-DKD …

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a novel construct recently defined by
the American Heart Association in response to the high prevalence of metabolic and kidney …

Heart failure is characterized by pathologic hemodynamic derangements, including elevated
cardiac filling pressures (“backward” failure), which may or may not coexist with reduced …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major public health problem,
resulting in significant cardiovascular and kidney adverse outcomes worldwide. Despite the …

Venous congestion has emerged as an important cause of renal dysfunction in patients with
cardiorenal syndrome. However, only limited progress has been made in differentiating this …

Diagnostic and therapeutic advances during the past decades have substantially improved
health outcomes for patients with acute coronary syndrome. Both age-related physiological …

Diseases of the heart and the kidney, including heart failure and chronic kidney disease, can
dramatically impair life expectancy and the quality of life of patients. The heart and kidney …

Endpoints of large‐scale trials in chronic heart failure have mostly been defined to evaluate
treatments with regard to hospitalizations and mortality. However, patients with heart failure …