There are three neural feedback pathways to the primary visual cortex (V1): corticocortical,
pulvinocortical, and cholinergic. What are the respective functions of these three …

The cholinergic system is a potent neuromodulatory system that plays critical roles in cortical
plasticity, attention and learning. In this review, we propose that the cellular effects of …

The neuromodulator acetylcholine modulates spatial integration in visual cortex by altering
the balance of inputs that generate neuronal receptive fields. These cholinergic effects may …

Sensory systems are highly plastic, but the mechanisms of sensory plasticity remain unclear.
People with vision or hearing loss demonstrate significant neural network reorganization …

In amblyopia, abnormal visual experience during development leads to an enduring loss of
visual acuity in adulthood. Physiological studies in animal models suggest that intracortical …

Acetylcholine (ACh) is believed to act as a neuromodulator in cortical circuits that support
cognition, specifically in processes including learning, memory consolidation, vigilance …

Background Several visual tasks have been proposed as indirect assays of the balance
between cortical inhibition and excitation in migraine. This study aimed to determine …

Cognitive and information processing deficits are core features and important sources of
disability in schizophrenia. Our understanding of the neural substrates of these deficits …

Visual spatial attention can be allocated in two distinct ways: one that is voluntarily directed
to behaviorally relevant locations in the world, and one that is involuntarily captured by …

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder that results in a wide range of visual deficits. One
proven approach to recovering vision in adults with amblyopia is perceptual learning (PL) …