A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray
free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National …

This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The
aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the …

The study of structure, thermodynamic state, equation of state (EOS) and transport properties
of warm dense matter (WDM) has become one of the key aspects of laboratory astrophysics …

Silicon, being one of the most abundant elements in nature, attracts wide-ranging scientific
and technological interest. Specifically, in its elemental form, crystals of remarkable purity …

The matter in extreme conditions end station at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a
new tool enabling accurate pump–probe measurements for studying the physical properties …

The structure of molecules, particularly the dynamic changes in structure, plays an essential
role in understanding physical and chemical phenomena. Time-resolved (TR) scattering …

Large laser facilities have recently enabled material characterization at the pressures of
Earth and Super-Earth cores. However, the temperature of the compressed materials has …

Experimental investigation of electron-ion coupling and electron heat capacity of copper in
warm and dense states are presented. From time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy …

In situ, time-resolved, x-ray diffraction and simultaneous continuum measurements were
used to examine structural changes in Si shock compressed to 54 GPa. Shock melting was …

Synchrotrons and free electron lasers are unique facilities to probe the atomic structure and
electronic properties of matter at extreme thermodynamical conditions. In this context,'matter …