Over the modern satellite era, substantial climatic changes have been observed in the
Antarctic, including atmospheric and oceanic warming, ice sheet thinning and a general …

BACKGROUND Tropical Pacific decadal climate variability and change (TPDV) affects the
global climate system, extreme weather events, agricultural production, streamflow, marine …

Seawater generally forms stratified layers with lighter waters near the surface and denser
waters at greater depth. This stable configuration acts as a barrier to water mixing that …

Spatiotemporal forecasting (STF) extends traditional time series forecasting or spatial
interpolation problem to space and time dimensions. Here, we review the statistical, physical …

Future projections of precipitation are uncertain, hampering effective climate adaptation
strategies globally. Our understanding of changes across multiple climate model simulations …

Abstract The Pacific Decadal Oscillation has been suggested to play an important role in
driving marine heatwaves in the Northeast Pacific during recent decades. Here we combine …

Historical trends in the direction and magnitude of ocean surface wave height, period, or
direction are debated due to diverse data, time-periods, or methodologies. Using a …

Abstract Setting appropriate conservation strategies in a multi-threat world is a challenging
goal, especially because of natural complexity and budget limitations that prevent effective …

Variability of North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) sea surface temperature (SST), characterized by a
near-uniform warming at its positive phase, is a consequential mode of climate variability …

Abstract Predicting Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) transitions and understanding the
associated mechanisms has proven a critical but challenging task in climate science. As a …