Highlights•There are more parasitoid wasps than any other group of parasitoid insects.•The
parasitoid lifestyle arose in Hymenoptera only once, at least 200 Ma ago. The ancestral …

Highlights•Hyper-diverse Hymenoptera order includes parasitic and social
insects.•Economically impactful for biological control and pollination.•Though second most …

Beetles occur in most terrestrial and freshwater habitats and a few occupy marine
environments. The most common life‐cycle type in beetles is holometaboly. More …

An updated classification of the order Hymenoptera is provided with the current numbers of
genera and species described so far specified. The order is composed of 2 suborders, 27 …

The family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) is reviewed with the goal of providing
nomenclatural changes and morphological diagnoses in preparation for a new molecular …

This chapter presents an overview of the seven infraorders and the 91 currently recognized
families of Heteroptera. For each family, it provides a brief diagnosis, selected information on …

Chalcidoidea are mostly parasitoid wasps that include as many as 500 000 estimated
species. Capturing phylogenetic signal from such a massive radiation can be daunting …

The world fauna of the flat wasps (Bethylidae) is represented by about 3,000 valid species.
The skeletal morphology of bethylids is still not adequately understood and the terminology …

The most widely recognized hymenopterans–ants, bees, and wasps or hornets–have long
been part of art, ritual, and folklore worldwide. Both extant and extinct Hymenoptera were …

An understanding of the species richness of parasitoids, where they are most diverse, and
how they interact is necessary for implementing effective insect pest management …