New first and 1.5 generation seed orchards are to be created in Germany based on recently
assembled breeding populations of Acer pseudoplatanus, Larix sp., Picea abies, Pinus …

The quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is an NP‐hard combinatorial optimization problem
with a wide variety of applications. Biogeography‐based optimization (BBO), a relatively …

Hyper-heuristics introduce novel approaches for solving challenging combinatorial
optimization problems by operating over a set of low level (meta)-heuristics. This is achieved …

In this paper, we present a hybrid genetic-hierarchical algorithm for the solution of the
quadratic assignment problem. The main distinguishing aspect of the proposed algorithm is …

Seed orchards are the key link between tree breeding and production forest for conifer trees.
In Sweden, Scots pine and Norway spruce seed orchards currently supply ca. 85% of …

Pollination dynamics highly determines the genetic quality of seed orchard crops. However,
there is less research about the effect of mating patterns on seed productivity of orchard …

Abstract The Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) is one of the most challenging NP-Hard
combinatorial optimization problems. Circuit-layout design, transportation/traffic engineering …

Background Inbreeding in seed orchards is expected to increase with the advancement of
breeding cycles, which results in the delivery of crops with suboptimal genetic gain, reduced …

Original seed orchard algorithm “Optimum Neighborhood Seed Orchard Design” was
developed as local heuristics to facilitate the establishment of advanced-generation seed …

Currently, there has been an increasing demand on seed orchard designs with respect to
mitigating inbreeding in advanced generations or facing severe mortality at sites. Optimum …