Contrary to Warburg's original thesis, accelerated aerobic glycolysis is not a primary,
permanent and universal consequence of dysfunctional or impaired mitochondria …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by low-grade inflammation
and high levels of clinical heterogeneity. Aberrant chondrocyte metabolism is a response to …

Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic adaptation is a vital hallmark and prerequisite
for macrophage phenotype transition. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is an essential molecular …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasing burden on global public health and is
associated with enhanced lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake, and lipid metabolic …

An important pathophysiological process of acute kidney injury (AKI) is mitochondrial
fragmentation in renal tubular epithelial cells, which leads to cell death. Pyruvate kinase M2 …

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), breakdown of self‐tolerance and onset of clinical disease are
separated in time and space, supporting a multi‐hit model in which emergence of …

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD), is becoming a common chronic liver disease with the characteristics of steatosis …

Glucose metabolism enzymes and transporters play major role in cancer development and
metastasis. In this study, we discuss glucose metabolism, transporters, receptors, hormones …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a classic autoimmune disease characterized by uncontrolled
synovial proliferation, pannus formation, cartilage injury, and bone destruction. The specific …

While metabolism was initially thought to play a passive role in cell biology by generating
ATP to meet bioenergetic demands, recent studies have identified critical roles for …