Stony corals build the framework of coral reefs, ecosystems of immense ecological and
economic importance. The existence of these ecosystems is threatened by climate change …

The freshwater polyp Hydra provides a potent model system for investigating the conditions
that promote wound healing, reactivation of a developmental process and, ultimately …

The epithelial and interstitial stem cells of the freshwater polyp Hydra are the best-
characterized stem cell systems in any cnidarian, providing valuable insight into cell type …

In animals, stem cell populations of varying potency facilitate regeneration and tissue
homeostasis. Notably, germline stem cells in both vertebrates and invertebrates express …

Turritopsis dohrnii is the only metazoan able to rejuvenate repeatedly after its medusae
reproduce, hinting at biological immortality and challenging our understanding of aging. We …

Abstract The cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, signaling via the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R),
orchestrate type 2 immunity to helminth infections and toxins. Activation of epithelial and …

A central goal in biology is to determine the ways in which evolution repeats itself. One of the
most remarkable examples in nature of convergent evolutionary novelty is animal venom …

Here we review the examples of great longevity and potential immortality in the earliest
animal types and contrast and compare these to humans and other higher animals. We start …

Since 1892, it has been widely assumed that somatic mutations are evolutionarily irrelevant
in animals because they cannot be inherited by offspring. However, some nonbilaterians …

How do animals regenerate specialised tissues or their entire body after a traumatic injury,
how has this ability evolved and what are the genetic and cellular components underpinning …