Sex chromosomes often entail gene dose differences between the sexes, which if not
compensated for, lead to differences between males and females in the expression of sex …

Many animals with genetic sex determination harbor heteromorphic sex chromosomes,
where the heterogametic sex has half the gene dose of the homogametic sex. This …

Snakes exhibit genetic sex determination, with female heterogametic sex chromosomes (ZZ
males, ZW females). Extensive cytogenetic work has suggested that the level of sex …

How and why female somatic X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) evolved in mammals
remains poorly understood. It has been proposed that XCI is a dosage-compensation …

Sex chromosomes are widespread in species with separate sexes. They have evolved many
times independently and display a truly remarkable diversity. New sequencing technologies …

Silene latifolia is a dioecious plant with heteromorphic sex chromosomes that have
originated only∼ 10 million years ago and is a promising model organism to study sex …

Mechanisms of sex chromosome dosage compensation (SCDC) differ strikingly among
animals. In Drosophila flies, chromosome-wide transcription is doubled from the single X …

Abiotic stresses are taken as the major limitations to crop productivity worldwide. Different
types of abiotic stress like drought stress, salinity stress, heavy metal stress, cold stress, and …

In many multicellular eukaryotes, heteromorphic sex chromosomes are responsible for
determining the sexual characteristics and reproductive functions of individuals. Sex …

The rateof divergence for Z or X chromosomes is usually observed to be greater than
autosomes, but the proposed evolutionary causes for this pattern vary, as do empirical …