Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is the archetypal polypeptide precursor of hormones and
neuropeptides. In this review, we examine the variability in the individual peptides produced …

Placental lactogen (PL) is a peptide hormone secreted throughout pregnancy by both
animal and human specialized endocrine cells. PL plays an important role in the regulation …

The hypothalamus is the central regulator of systemic energy homeostasis, and its
dysfunction can result in extreme body weight alterations. Insights into the complex cellular …

The hormonal fluctuations in pregnancy drive a wide range of adaptive changes in the
maternal brain. These range from specific neurophysiological changes in the patterns of …

Aim Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) increases in serum during pregnancy to levels
not seen in any other physiological state and is suggested to be involved in pregnancy …

Pregnancy is a time of increased food intake and fat deposition in the mother, and
adaptations of glucose homeostasis to meet the energy demands of the growing fetus. As …

The maternal organism undergoes numerous metabolic adaptations to become prepared for
the demands associated with the coming offspring. These metabolic adaptations involve …

Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy complication. The exact pathogenesis of PE
remains unclear, but it is related to immune, inflammatory, circulatory, and oxidative stress …

The adipokine leptin acts on the brain to regulate energy balance but specific functions in
many brain areas remain poorly understood. Among these, the preoptic area (POA) is well …

Objective Detailed data on adipokines and body composition during and after pregnancy in
women of different BMI categories are lacking. Furthermore, adipokine regulation during …