Waterborne enteric viruses are an emerging cause of disease outbreaks and represent a
major threat to global public health. Enteric viruses may originate from human wastewater …

Wastewater surveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-
2) has been shown to be a valuable source of information regarding SARS-CoV-2 …

Porcine circovirus (PCV) is one of the smallest known DNA viruses in mammals. At present,
PCVs are divided into three species, PCV1, PCV2, and PCV3. PCV1 and PCV2 were found …

Currently, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is considered the major pathogen of porcine
circovirus associated-diseases (PCVAD) that causes large economic losses for the swine …

Environmental monitoring is critical in a develo** country like Egypt where there is an
insufficient framework for recording and tracking outbreaks. In this study, the prevalence of …

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are a major cause of infection and have been proposed as
viral indicators of water quality. Human noroviruses (NoV) are the main cause of viral acute …

Many different viruses are excreted by humans and animals and are frequently detected in
fecal contaminated waters causing public health concerns. Classical bacterial indicator such …

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has been prevalent in swine herds in China since 2002,
causing severe economic loss to the pig industry. The number of live pigs in southeast …

Abstract Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-
associated diseases (PCVAD). Three major PCV2 genotypes (PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d) …

Since many waterborne diseases are caused by human pathogenic viruses, virus
monitoring of drinking water (DW) and DW sources is crucial for public health. Therefore, the …