The evolution of phenotypic similarities between species, known as convergence, illustrates
that populations can respond predictably to ecological challenges. Convergence often …

Adaptive laboratory evolution is a frequent method in biological studies to gain insights into
the basic mechanisms of molecular evolution and adaptive changes that accumulate in …

Although metabolism plays an active role in antibiotic lethality, antibiotic resistance is
generally associated with drug target modification, enzymatic inactivation, and/or transport …

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter
than the" long lapse of ages" emphasized by Darwin—in fact, evolutionary change is …

Ethanol production for use as a biofuel is mainly achieved through simultaneous
saccharification and fermentation by yeast. Operating at≥ 40° C would be beneficial in …

The dynamics of adaptation determine which mutations fix in a population, and hence how
reproducible evolution will be. This is central to understanding the spectra of mutations …

Microalgae have become a promising novel and sustainable feedstock for meeting the rising
demand for food and feed. However, microalgae-based products are currently hindered by …

Adaptive evolution plays a large role in generating the phenotypic diversity observed in
nature, yet current methods are impractical for characterizing the molecular basis and fitness …

By formalizing the relationship between genotype or phenotype and fitness, fitness
landscapes harbor information on molecular and evolutionary constraints. The shape of the …

Biofilms are a major form of microbial life in which cells form dense surface associated
communities that can persist for many generations. The long-life of biofilm communities …