Fundamental cellular operations, including DNA synthesis and the generation of ATP,
require iron. Viruses hijack cells in order to replicate, and efficient replication needs an iron …

Like all retroviruses, the human immunodeficiency virus selectively packages two copies of
its unspliced RNA genome, both of which are utilized for strand-transfer-mediated …

HIV-1/AIDS remains a global public health problem. The world health organization (WHO)
reported at the end of 2019 that 38 million people were living with HIV-1 worldwide, of which …

The persistence of HIV-1 latent reservoirs represents a major barrier to virus eradication in
infected patients under HAART since interruption of the treatment inevitably leads to a …

Background RNA interference (RNAi) is a regulatory mechanism conserved in higher
eukaryotes. The RNAi pathway generates small interfering RNA (siRNA) or micro RNA …

The HIV-1 latent reservoir is established early after infection, persists during antiretroviral
therapy, and is the source of viral rebound after treatment interruption. An HIV cure requires …

The human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) has developed several strategies to
condition the host environment to promote viral replication and spread. Viral proteins have …

It is generally acknowledged that the Tat protein has a pivotal role in HIV-1 replication
because it stimulates transcription from the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter by …

Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is a master regulator of pro-inflammatory genes and is upregulated in
human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection. Mechanisms underlying the NF-κB …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes a transactivator of transcription (Tat)
protein, which has several functions that promote viral replication, pathogenesis, and …