Software product lines (SPLs) are families of related systems whose members are
distinguished by the set of features they provide. Over 2 decades of research and practice …

Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPSs) are complex systems comprised of software
and hardware interacting with each other and the environment. In industry, over time, a …

Software engineering faces the challenge of develo** and maintaining systems that are
highly variable in space (concurrent variations of the system at a single point in time) and …

Effectively managing versions and variants of software systems are among the main
challenges of software engineering. Over the last decades, two large research fields …

Context: Testing is one of the techniques that can assure the quality of software including the
domain of Software Product Line (SPL). Various techniques have been deliberated to …

With the increasing demand for customized systems and rapidly evolving technology,
software engineering faces many challenges. A particular challenge is the development and …

Variation is central to today's software development. There are two fundamental dimensions
to variation: Variation in time refers to the fact that software exists in numerous revisions that …

Software and systems engineering is challenged by variability in space (concurrent
variations at a single point in time) and time (sequential variations due to evolution) …

Abstract Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPSs) are highly configurable and versatile
production systems that utilize diverse hardware components through control software …

The ever-growing need for customization creates a need to maintain software systems in
many different variants. To avoid having to maintain different copies of the same model …