In March 2013 the first cases of human avian influenza A (H7N9) were reported to the World
Health Organization. Since that time, over 650 cases have been reported. Infections are …

This literature review provides an overview of use of environmental samples (ES) such as
faeces, water, air, mud and swabs of surfaces in avian influenza (AI) surveillance programs …

A specific concept of strain was developed in order to classify the BTV serotypes ever
reported in Europe based on their properties of animal health impact: the genotype …

Infection with either influenza A H5N1 virus in 1997 or avian influenza A H7N9 virus in 2013
caused severe pneumonia that did not respond to typical or atypical antimicrobial treatment …

Dabbling and diving ducks partly occupy shared habitats but have been reported to play
different roles in wildlife infectious disease dynamics. Influenza A virus (IAV) epidemiology in …

Recent reports of the detection of the zoonotic low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H7N9
viruses in healthy pigeons have again put the spotlight on the potential role of pigeons and …

The H7 subtype HA gene has been found in combination with all nine NA subtype genes.
Most exhibit low pathogenicity and only rarely high pathogenicity in poultry (and humans) …

Outbreaks of avian influenza virus (AIV) have raised public concerns recently. Airborne AIV
has been evaluated in live poultry markets and case farms; however, no study has …

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of pathogenic zoonotic
agents (flaviviruses, avian influenza viruses (AIVs), Salmonella spp. and Toxoplasma …

The conceptual framework considering Anseriformes and Charadriiformes as the main
maintenance hosts for influenza A viruses (IAV) in wild birds has shaped IAV research and …