This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, the phenomenon in which a
behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning …

Current medication for anxiety disorders is suboptimal in terms of efficiency and tolerability,
highlighting the need for improved drug treatments. In this review an overview of drugs …

The well-replicated observation that many people maintain mental health despite exposure
to severe psychological or physical adversity has ignited interest in the mechanisms that …

Psychiatric disorders associated with psychological trauma, stress and anxiety are a highly
prevalent and increasing cause of morbidity worldwide. Current therapeutic approaches …

Extinction serves as the leading theoretical framework and experimental model to describe
how learned behaviors diminish through absence of anticipated reinforcement. In the past …

It remains unexplored in the field of fear memory whether functional neuronal connectivity
between two brain areas is necessary for one sex but not the other. Here, we show that …

Pathological fear and anxiety are highly debilitating and, despite considerable advances in
psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy they remain insufficiently treated in many patients with …

Overcoming aversive emotional memories requires neural systems that detect when fear
responses are no longer appropriate so that they can be extinguished. The midbrain ventral …

Extinction of fear responses is critical for adaptive behavior and deficits in this form of safety
learning are hallmark of anxiety disorders. However, the neuronal mechanisms that initiate …

Emotional learning and memory are functionally and dysfunctionally regulated by the
neuromodulatory state of the brain. While the role of excitatory and inhibitory neural circuits …